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Ordination of women in the Church of Scotland : ウィキペディア英語版
Ordination of women in the Church of Scotland
The Church of Scotland was one of the first national churches to accept the ordination of women. In Presbyterianism, ordination is understood to be an ordinance rather than a sacrament; ministers and elders are ordained; until recently deacons were "commissioned" but now they too are ordained to their office in the Church of Scotland.
==Background==
Women were commissioned as deacons (or "deaconesses") from 1888, and allowed to preach from 1949. Serious debate on the ordination of women as ministers began when Mary Levison petitioned the General Assembly for ordination in 1963. She was eventually ordained as a Minister of Word and Sacrament in 1978, and in 1991 became the first woman to be appointed as Queen's Chaplain.
In a Presbyterian Church, elders (who together with the minister form the kirk session and fulfil some of the functions of a parish council in other denominations) are ordained for life - ''ad vitam aut culpam'' - though in some cases without the laying-on of hands. The minister ("minister of Word and Sacrament", to use the full title) is a "teaching elder", the other kirk session members are "ruling elders", and the difference is understood to lie in the authority of the appointment rather than the spiritual nature of the ordinance. Consequently the theological arguments for and against the ordination of women as elders were identical to those concerning women ministers, and the two debates ran in parallel and were settled more or less simultaneously. The General Assembly changed its legislation to allow the ordination of women as elders in 1966 and as ministers in 1968.〔http://books.google.com/books?id=nbi-tMwsHXwC&pg=PA250&dq=Ordination+of+women+in+the+Church+of+Scotland&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=IVUfSqC0CI7EMdLX5f4P&client=firefox-a, A spiritual home: life in British and American Reformed congregations, 1830-1915, Charles D. Cashdollar, 2000, P. 250.〕

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